Primary Duty of Maintenace in Islamic Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1581 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Tags: Duty Essay Did you like this example? Maintenance Introduction: Maintenance is referred to as nafaq, and that ‘comprehends food, raiment along with lodging, through in common parlance, it truly is limited for the very first. Under Islamic rules, man will be responsibility sure to keep the wife. Over in Islam can be exempted from just about any financial earning responsibility. She is titled for maintenance underneath Islamic Law. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Primary Duty of Maintenace in Islamic Law" essay for you Create order Primary Duty of Maintenance: It is the primary duty of husband to maintain her wife. As well as if she is residing in house of the woman father and her husband will not require her to her own house and cohabit with her there. Case Law : Abdul Satar vs. Anwar Begum 1992 ALD 506 It had been held that wife is eligible for receive maintenance allowance from husband, if she hadnt refused to are living with him without any sufficient reasons. 3. Remedies for Wife: Wife may file suit in the family court with regard to maintenance. Wife can in addition file application in the office of chairman of union council. 4. When wife is just not entitled for maintenance: In the following cases the wife is just not entitled for maintenance: If your lover becomes disobedient. If she is incapable to perform matrimonial intercourse. If she will not live with the woman husband unjustifiably. If she gets to be widow. If she becomes able to maintain herself. In case of irregular or emptiness marriage. Where my wife been taken aside forcibly by someone else. In case the particular fault is on her own part. If my wife been imprisoned. Apostasy. 5. Commitments arising on Matrimony: (i) Wife’s suitable †¢ The wife is eligible for maintenance from the woman husband although she might have the means to help keep herself, and though her husband could be without means. †¢ The actual husband’s duty to keep commences if your particular spouse attains puberty but not before; provided often that she is obedient and makes it. possible for him free access all lawful instances. In addition for the legal obligation to maintain, there may be stipulations in the marriage contract that might render the husband liable to produce a special allowance for the wife. Such allowances tend to be called kharch-I pandan, guzara, mewa khori, and so forth. †¢ An contract for future sepration, however, and for the particular payment of maintenance such an event can be void and against public policy. †¢ A Muslim wife incorporates a just ground for refusal to reside with her partner and she can easily cla im separate maintenance against him where she has taken a second wife or maintains a mistress. (ii) To sue: If a husband will not pay maintenance, the wife is eligible for sue for that. Her right may be in line with the substantive law or perhaps she sue within the Code of Legal Procedure, 1980, Section 448 in which case the Court cant order the partner to pay regarding green sum of Rs. 500 a month. But the wife is just not entitled to beyond maintenance, except underneath Shi’ite and Shafe’I rules, or where there is a distinct understanding. In solving the sum by way of maintenance, the Hedaya together with. Fatawa ‘Alamgiri place down the rule which the judge in working out his discretion should look into the rank and the circumstances of the a couple spouses, a tip which seems to be eminently fair and. (iii) Duration of right: The particular wife’s to certainly maintenance ceases to the death in the woman man.The widow can be therefore not e ligible for maintenance during the particular ‘idda of loss of life. It is otherwise regarding divorce, where she is entitled to maintenance during ‘idda. (iv) Failure to maintain, Desertion: †¢ Beneath the Dissolution of Muslim Relationships Act, 1939, Part 2(ii), a wife is eligible for dissolution if the particular husband has unsuccessful or neglected to supply maintenance for an interval of two decades. †¢ In Hanafi Legislation neither inability, not refusal, nor dont maintain were adequate grounds, but the particular schools of Imam Malik along with Imam Shafe’I regarded as these as right grounds for granting dissolution. (v) Young children and Descendants †¢ A father is bound to maintain his sons until they achieve puberty and his or her daughters until these are married. He is also responsible for along with unkeep of his or her widowed or divorced girl. An adult son does not need to be maintained unless he or she is infirm. †¢ Should the father is weak, the mother is bound to maintain the youngsters. And, failing the woman, it is the job of the paternal grandaddy. Thus, grandchildren along with lineal descendants in addition possess rights of maintenance. (vi) Daughter-In-Law A father-in-Law can be under nor obligation to maintain his widowed daughter-in-law. (vii) Unlawful Child A father is just not bound to keep an illegitimate kid; but in the particular Hanafi school the mother is bound to support her natural child. 6. Obligations Arising beyond Blood Relationship: (i) Ascendants: A person throughout easy circumstances is bound to maintain his indigent parents, and also his or her grandparents, paternal along with maternal. (ii) Additional relations: The general theory is laid down in the Fatawa ‘Alamgiri: â€Å"Every relative from the prohibited degrees is eligible for maintenance, provided of which, if a guy, he is sometimes a child and weak, or, if adult , that he can be infirm or impaired and poor in case a female, that she is poor whether a young child or adult. † Poor or not, a man is bound to maintain his partner and children; but distant relatives are merely to be maintained should they are poor along with he himself can be ‘in easy circumstances’. See of D. P oker. Mulla: According in order to D. F. Mulla throughout his book ‘Principles of Muhammadan Law’: â€Å"If the daddy is poor along with infirm, and the mother also is weak, the obligation to maintain the children lies for the grandfather, provided he or she is in easy circumstances. † â€Å"Persons who definitely are not themselves weak are bound to maintain their poor relations from the prohibited degrees compared to the share which would inherit from their store on their loss of life. † 7. The liability of husband soon after divorce: After the divorce process the wife is eligible for maintenance doing t he of Iddat. 8. Case where wife is just not informed about divorce process: If the divorce is just not communicated to the woman, she is titled for maintenance until she is informed of the particular divorce. 9. Financial debt of Maintenance: The arrears of maintenance are recoverable because the arrears of terrain revenue. 10. Decree of maintenance as much as one thousand is just not appeal able: Decree on the court of maintenance as much as one thousand rupees can be non appeal in a position. 11.According to the sec 9 of MFLO 1961 : (1) In the event any husband does not maintain the wife sufficiently, or where you will discover more wives or girlfriends than 1, fails to help keep them equitably, the actual wife, or many or any of the wives, may besides seeking some other legal solution available apply at the Chairman who shall constitute an Arbitration Council to look for the matter, along with the Arbitration Local authority or council may matter a certifi cation specifying just how much which will be paid while maintenance from the husband. (2) A partner may, within the prescribed manner, within the actual prescribed time period, and about payment on the prescribed cost, prefer a credit card applicatoin for revision on the certificate, towards the Collector concerned and the decision will be final as well as shall not really be called you want in almost any Court. (3) Any kind of amount payable under Sub-section (1) or, (2) in the event that, not paid within the due time, shall always be recoverable while arrears associated with land earnings. PUNJAB CHANGE: In sub-section (2), the full-stop occurring at the end shall always be replaced by way of a colon as well as thereafter the following proviso will be added, that is: Provided that this Commissioner of your Division may possibly, on a credit card applicatoin made in this particular behalf as well as for reasons to become recorded, transfer a credit card applicatoin for revision on the certificate from your Collector to some other Collector, in order to a Movie director, Local Federal government, or for an Additional Commissioner inside his Section. [Ord. II associated with 1975, Part 2]. Cases of maintenance: 2000 ylr 1449 Lahore Before ch. ijaz ahmad, j Muhammad alam Versus Mst.zarina bibi and 2 other (e) Muhammadan law Maintenance of minor child responsibility distinguishing factor between western and Pakistani society discuss duty and obligation of the father to maintain his minor child in Pakistan. Judgment: It is also settled proposition of law that according to injunction of Islam it is the duty and obligation of the petitioner to maintain the minor. This is the basic distinguished factor between western society and our society western society talk of human rights only whereas Islam insisted performance of first obligation and duties and then human rights the petitioner cannot be avoided from his duties and obligation above according to the injunction of islam it is the duties and obligation of the petitioner to maintain the minor after addition of article 2A in the constitution. Under muhammandan law a father ordinarily is bound to maintain the child, if it remain with his mother epically when the custody, in consideration of age under the personal law also remain with him. The petition is dismissed.

Stress Affects Millions Of People Essay - 1730 Words

Summary Stress affects millions of people. One of the most common forms of stress is that related to our careers and the workplace. In today s economic difficulty, work related stress is even more pronounced than ever before. Everyone who has ever held a job has, felt the pressure of work-related stress. Any job can have stressful elements, even if you love what you do. People begin to spend several long hours at work, and thus have less time for other things. Stressed employees may be unhappy and thus produce nominally. Worries about whether or not people will be able to keep their job, their health insurance, and even keep their homes, plays a large role in stress, and the possibility of losing a job can be scary. Another word for stress is tension or anxiety. Stress can deteriorate social and family relationships. When someone experiences stress, there are many different symptoms. In the short-term, people may experience pressure to meet a deadline or to fulfill a challenging obligation. But when work stress becomes chronic, it can be overwhelming — and harmful to both physical and emotional health. Organizations need to recognize stress as a problem and decide whether or not to act upon it. In this paper, I expect to discuss factors which lead to stress in the workplace. Are individuals stressed in the workplace? What causes stress in the workplace? Who is mostly stressed: men or women? Are individuals being exposed to stress management techniques? By recognizingShow MoreRelatedStress and Anxiety1397 Words   |  6 PagesStress and anxiety Introduction: Over the years stress management has become a big factor or part in our lives and how we cope with on a daily basis can be really challenging. One of the biggest problems is learning how to recognize this problem and dealing with it. After extensive research that doctors have gone through, it is now becoming less challenging because of the new techniques and methods. Making society aware of the potential threats of stress and anxieties is basic the most basicRead MoreHow Drugs Can Affect Person s Mental State843 Words   |  4 Pagesuntil you know how the drug will affect your body. Drugs can affect person s mental state, whether prescribed for a medical condition or taken for recreational purposes such as alcohol. There are some drugs affect the way a person thinks and feels—which may also affect the way they behave. Many people misuse used legal drugs, apart from drugs taken on prescription, are alcohol and tobacco. The most commonly used illegal drug is cannabis (marijuana). People use marijuana for the purpose ofRead MoreDiabetes Is Becoming An Increasingly Prevalent Disease1615 Words   |  7 PagesJust about every five minutes two people die of diabetes related causes and 16 people are newly diagnosed with the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Diabetes is becoming an increasingly prevalent disease, especially type 2, due to the fact that the United States population is at high risk for obesity. Type 2 diabetes is when the pancreas suffers a decline in beta cell efficiency therefore disallowing insulin to be produced at the level necessary for its metabolicRead MoreEffects Of Stress Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesBreann Fleshman Professor Brock English 101E -04 October 23, 2017 What Effect Does Stress Have on Health? Many individuals face the problem of stress today. Every individual will eventually experience stress at some point in his or her life. Stress is defined as an internal state which can be caused by physical demands of the body or by environmental and social situations, which are evaluated as potentially harmful, uncontrollable, or exceeding our resources for coping. An environmental situationRead More Anxiety Disorders Essay796 Words   |  4 Pages(OCD), Post-Traumatic Stress, Panic Disorder and Social Phobia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anxiety is a normal reaction to stress. It helps some one deal with a tense situation in the office, study harder for an exam, keep focused on an important speech. In general, it helps some one cope. But when anxiety becomes an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, it has become a disabling disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anxiety disorders are serious medical illnesses that affect approximately 19 million American adults. TheseRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder is on the Raise Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is defined as mental health disorder triggered by a terrifying event (Mayo Clinic). This ordeal could be the result of some sort of physical harm or threat to the individual, family members, friends or even strangers (NIMH). While PTSD is typically associated with someone who has served in the military, it can affect more than just that genre of individuals. It could affect rape victims, victims in a terrorist or natural disaster incident, nurses, doctors, andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1370 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to PTSD United, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder used to be considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences from battl e. Soldiers with symptoms of PTSD often faced rejection by their military peers and were feared by society in general. Those who showed signs of PTSD were often removed from combat zones and even discharged from military services, being left labeled as weak (â€Å"Post Traumatic Stress†). These implications have been debunkedRead MoreHow Eating Disorders Affect Health772 Words   |  3 Pagesinsufficient or excessive food, that affects inimical the body’s image and mental health (Wikipedia). It affects men and women of all ages, but it has a greater impact among adolescences and young adults. In the United States, 24 million Americans are battling eating disorders, in which 1 million are males and 23 million are females. An individual who portraits this condition may have an irrational self-image thought that impinged on an individual’s life and affects their health by disrupting body functionsRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Education940 Words   |  4 PagesTh ere are over 2 million families and children living in poverty in America day by day. Poverty is when you’re living in conditions below the average family. Many reason’s poverty is caused is when adults do not complete high school and receive a low education to deal with their whole life. Also is caused by wnot being able to receive a job. â€Å"According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, about 9.5 million of people who spent at least 27 weeks in the labor force were poor.†(Davis) Poverty isRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Wealthy In America896 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the area that you live in and how much money you make, can affect your health and how long you live even though after watching it, it seems common sense that they would live longer because they have the resources to. This is an important factor that the middle-class has advantage over the people below that. A lot of it also has to do with the fact that the more healthy and organic food costs way more than fast food. For people that are on a budget and only have a certain amount to spend on

Change Management Models and Theory-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Change Management Models and Theory. Answer: Introduction: Change management is the approach which is often taken by managers and organizations for transitioning individuals, organizations as well as team from a current unfavorable state to that to a favorable future state. Change management approach is applied to situations such as downsizing, growing of organizations and even adding new technology (Doppelt, 2017). Researchers are of the opinion that this organizational process are mainly aimed at helping the employees not only to understand but also commit to and accept and embrace different modifications and changes in the current business environment. Many researchers suggest that a part of change management is also managing transition. Many argue that change and transition are two different aspects while other says that they are interrelated (Howes et al., 2015). Keeping this argument aside, change management is found to be important as it helps in minimizing resistance of the employees, increase in engagement, improve performance, redu ce costs and also enhances innovation. This helps the organization to overcome any threatening situations and at the same time, it will be helpful in developing the working conditions resulting in better productivity (Fernandes, Ward Araujo, 2015). This assignment will mainly describe change management models and how they are different from each other. This will also show how each model can fit in different scenarios giving an idea about how managers should adapt the model in certain particular situations. Lewins change management model: The first theory which can be considered is the Lewins change management model. It is one of the most popular as well as the effective model which helps managers to understand the requirement of the organizational and structured changes required. The model mainly consists of three important parts. This are unfreeze, change and refreeze. The first stage called the unfreeze stage is mainly the preparation stage for the change. This mainly shows that the organization should prepare for the change and also absorb the fact that change is essential. This stage is important to make the employees understand why the present existing ways need to be changed and how this can help in bringing profit (Quiney Richardson, 2014). Looking the core and re-examining is the important part. This is followed by the change stage. In the second stage, real transitions or changes take place. This stage takes time as it needs people needs to accept new things, development and happenings in the organization, good leadership and reassurance are essential for steering the changes in the forward direction (Kempster, Higg Weurz, 2014). Communication and time are very important aspects of this stage. The third stage is called the refreeze stage. Following the occurrences like the changes being accepted, embraces and implemented by the organization, this stage shows how the company gradually stabilizes and becomes to work successfully again in a stable mode. This is called so as the employees and processes begin to refreeze and things start going back to their normal pace and routine. Critics: Researchers are of the opinion that most of the organizations prefer to use this model as they find this model to be easier to implement. This model is useful when business requires massive changes. Secondly, it is also useful in finding out any concealed information and mistakes which were previously taken for granted as the change agent is analyzing every aspect of the transition (Bartuneck Woodman, 2015). However, many other researchers argue that this model of change management is time consuming and can be difficult at times. It requires the mangers to take extra effort to take care and support their teams as they have to consider their emotions through turmoil. The workflow will change drastically and therefore care should be taken when bring them on board and keeping up the enthusiasm in the refreezing stage (Cummings, Bridgman Brown, 2016) Kotters change management theory Another model which can be described is the Kotters change management theory. This is one of the most popular theories and had been still implemented by large number of organizations. This mainly consists of 8 important stages where each of the stages will mainly be focusing on the key principles which are associated with the response of people to changes. The first stage is called the increase urgency stage which involves the creating of a sense of urgency among the people by mainly motivating them stating that they have to move forward towards the new objectives (Vora et al., 2013). The second is building team which mainly requires the manager to incorporate right people in the team with the appropriate selection of skill mix, knowledge and also commitment. The third one is getting the vision correct where the stage relates with development of the correct vision and taking into account the strategy, creativity, objectives and also the emotional connectedness. The fourth step is the communicate stage where the agents should communicate with the employees regarding the change and the necessity of the change (Rafferty et al., 2017). The fifth step is called get things moving. In order to get things moving and empowering actions of people, managers need to provide support to employees, remove their roadblocks along with implementation in the constructive ways. Focusing on short term goals is the next stage where the managers need to divide the ultimate goal into small and achievable parts. This is the proper way which would help people to achieve success without too much pressure (Ewenstein et al., 2015). The next stage mainly focuses on the development of the ability of the employees not to give up knowing that persistence is the way to success and not to succumb to pressure and give up when the change management process is going on. The last stage is called the incorporating change stage where besides managing change effectively, it becomes important to reinfor ce them and make them a part of the culture. Critics: Researchers have found that organizations use this model as this is a step by step model. It mainly focuses on preparing and accepting changes and is mainly response based stating that it actually works in accordance to the responses of the employees. Transition is mainly easier with the help of this model. However many researchers have argued that one negative aspect of this model is that the steps cannot be skipped and this process requires a great deal of time (Duplessis Mabunda et al., 2016). Although it acts as a checklist but mainly lacks the necessary back and forth movement as it only allows step by step movement. However this model is quite gripping as it solely resides on the developing the employees for the changes and entirely concentrating on them for the changes to occur successfully. McKinsey 7s model: The next model that one can also take in consideration is the McKinsey 7s model. This model has managed to exist in the organizational culture even when a large number of models have come and gone. This model has been able to survive and consists of 8 important stages. The first stage is the strategy which the organization needs to develop to overcome the competition and thereby reach goals (Ewenstein, smith Sologar, 2015). The second one is the systems where the managers should take the decisions about the ways by which every day activities need to be dome in order to get the task completed. Shared values are the core or the main values of the organization according to which the change is preceded (Vora, 2013). Next is the style in which the leaderships and modifications would be implemented after adoption so that the change takes place successfully. Next is the skills which refer mainly to the competencies as well as the features and skills possessed by the employees in the organi zation. The next aspect is staffs which mainly refer to the workforce or the employees and their working capabilities. The main principle is that the manager after recognizing and identifying all the seven S, she or he needs to think about how each of the aspects affect each other and thereby implement changes accordingly (Chienwattayakum Mankin, 2015). For example, a manager should try to examine about how the structure of the organization is affecting the strategy, how both of them affect the systems and then a again all of them are interacting with the skills or staffs and many others. Critics: Critics are of the opinion that there are many benefits with the McKinsey model. It provides an effective model to diagnose and understand organization along with providing guidance to the organizational change (Raffery Restubog, 2017). It combines both emotional and rational components. All the components are integral and are addressed in a unified model. The disadvantages with the model as argued by researchers are that when one part changes, all get changed as they are interconnected. The model is quite complex (Du Plessox et al., 2016). Even researchers say that many companies have even failed with the help of this model. Comparison and contrast: An important similarity that was noticed in all the mentioned three models are that all are time consuming and requires extensive planning and investigations before implementing them. However, certain dissimilarities have been found. Whereas Lewins model is subjected to massive changes in an organization, the other two models are mainly applied to changes which are not drastic (Horstein, 2015). It is seen that unlike the Lewis model, Kotters model is mainly response based change management where the employees and other stakeholders are the primary concerns in the change management rather than including the organization and the processes which are changing. Kotters theory is mainly organizing the employees aligning to the organizations goals and helping them to adapt to the environment. This is mainly response based. However, McKinseys change management remains mainly focused on another perspective entirely (Vander voet, 2014). They remain more concerned with the alteration of the org anization and processes by focusing the on the interconnection of the seven aspects like system, structure, strategy and others providing more importance of the interconnectedness between the aspects. While interconnections are important in this process, Kotters model is a step by step model and does not provide interconnectedness as stated by McKinsleys. Kotters models have aspects which cannot make the change successful if one step is missed and the steps are linear rather than being interconnected like Mckinseys (Farkas et al., 2016). Lewins model does not have any such aspects and are easier to follow as this does not study the interconnections like the McKinseys model to understand and implement the changes required. Moreover, unlike the Kotters, it is not comprising of minute and larger number of steps and is simpler to follow by the organizations. However, Lewin and McKinsley depend on an in-depth analysis for making changes successful unlike Kotters model which is mainly bas ed on the modifications of the attitudes of the employees with the changes. The differences can be understood by scenarios. Scenario: Let one assume, a scenario where the employers of the organization had decided to introduce new technology of the system so the time consumed by the employees to perform the task would become less. However, the employees were resistant against the use of new technologies as they were comfortable with the previous working style. They showed resistance to the change although it was urgent for the organization to shift to the new technology to increase productivity. Other than, this new change, all others were working smoothly. In such a situation, Kotters theory would be just where the managers can use the eight important stages to prepare the employees for the change makings sure that the employees get comfortable with the new trend and helping them in each stages to align with the new technological skills. Here Mckinseys model is not required as there was no need to assess the interconnections of the aspects mentioned in the model. In another scenario, it was seen that a company was facing tremendous loss due to lesser productivity of the employees and attrition rate was also high. A change was indeed very necessary so that the company can recover the losses by increasing the productivity of the employees (Hornstein et al., 2015). Therefore in such a situation, the managers or the employers were in urgent need to find the main reasons for such results. In such a situation, where urgent changes were very important, managers had to take help of the McKinseys model (Pollack Pollack, 2015). The managers had to first evaluate the interconnected factors which are responsible for such outcomes. On thorough analysis, it was found the strategy taken by the managers were not aligning with the system and structure of the organizing as the system was not financially stable to handle the strategies. Moreover, the skill mix required to adapt to such strategies were also not aligning with the staff numbers and it was getting strenuous for them and they were suffering from jo b stress. Therefore, change was extremely important and in this scenario the McKinseys model was found to be extremely useful. Let us consider another scenario where an organization was sold to another employer due to extreme loss. The new CEO of the company wanted to change the entire working style of the old organization with a completely new objective, mission and vision. He wanted to develop the old organization with an absolute new perspective and for this drastic change, the Lewin model was important. It required for the new CEO to first develop an in-depth analysis during the unfreezing stage followed by implementing the changes and then refreezing the environment to maintain stability. Conclusion: Change management is an important process which every organization needs to adopt in order to properly go through a change or transition phase for betterment of the organization. The time during change management is often strenuous as the employer, managers and workers all have to change their styles to adapt to the new situations. However, all changes are not drastic but require expert handling to become sure of the success. Lewin model, Kotters model and McKinseys model all help in acting as guides to change agents. It is important for the managers to correctly apply the proper models in the different situations so that it can have the best outcomes. Referrences: Bartunek, J. M., Woodman, R. W. (2015). Beyond Lewin: Toward a temporal approximation of organization development and change. Chienwittayakun, J., Mankin, D. (2015). Strategic Management Planning Process (SMPP) as an Organization Development Intervention (ODI) to Align Values, Goals and Objectives and Improve Employee Teamwork, Engagement and Performance: A Case Study of a Family-Owned Business in Thailand.Abac Odi Journal Vision. Action. Outcome.,2(1). Cummings, S., Bridgman, T., Brown, K. G. (2016). Unfreezing change as three steps: Rethinking Kurt Lewins legacy for change management.Human Relations,69(1), 33-60. Doppelt, B. (2017).Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for business, government and civil society. Routledge. Du Plessis, T., Mabunda, T. T. (2016). Change management in an academic library in the knowledge economy.South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science,82(1), 53-61. Ewenstein, B., Smith, W., Sologar, A. (2015). Changing change management.McKinsey Digital, July. Farkas, F. (2016). Hard and Soft Approaches of Strategic Organisational Change Management.Strategic Management,21(2), 13-22. Fernandes, G., Ward, S., Arajo, M. (2015). Improving and embedding project management practice in organisationsA qualitative study.International Journal of Project Management,33(5), 1052-1067. Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Howes, M., Tangney, P., Reis, K., Grant-Smith, D., Heazle, M., Bosomworth, K., Burton, P. (2015). Towards networked governance: improving interagency communication and collaboration for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in Australia.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,58(5), 757-776. Vora, M. (2013). Business excellence through sustainable change management.The TQM Journal,25(6), 625-640. Kempster, S., Higgs, M., Wuerz, T. (2014). Pilots for change: exploring organisational change through distributed leadership.Leadership Organization Development Journal,35(2), 152-167. Lewin, A. Y. (2014). Emerging economies open unlimited opportunities for advancing management and organization scholarship.Management and Organization Review,10(1), 1-5. Pollack, J., Pollack, R. (2015). Using Kotters eight stage process to manage an organisational change program: Presentation and practice.Systemic Practice and Action Research,28(1), 51-66. Quinney, S., Richardson, L. (2014). Organisational development, appreciative inquiry and the development of Psychologically Informed Environments (PIEs). Part I: a positive psychology approach.Housing, Care and Support,17(2), 95-102. Rafferty, A.E. Restubog, S.L., (2017). Why Do Employees Perceptions of their Organization's Change History Matter? The Role of Change Appraisals.Human Resource Management,56(3), pp.533-550. Van der Voet, J. (2014). The effectiveness and specificity of change management in a public organization: Transformational leadership and a bureaucratic organizational structure.European Management Journal,32(3), 373-382. Verhulst, E., Lambrechts, W. (2015). Fostering the incorporation of sustainable development in higher education. Lessons learned from a change management perspective.Journal of Cleaner Production,106, 189-204

Motivational Cues of Students with Single Parents free essay sample

Discussing school issues and attending school function has a positive effect on the children’s academic achievement(Jeynes, 2005) but the need to search for a greener pasture has become one of the main issues between family members. To provide quality life for the family, one or both parents fly abroad to work and leave their kids. On their resiliency on parental absence, children of overseas Filipino workers do understand that the idea of readily available work, amenities and bigger income offered in other countries pull certain group of parents to migrate. Thus children with migrant parents view this as an opportunity for better education and they have the means to enroll in private schools (Bielza-Valdez, 2011). Few researches have shown that students who live in one parent households are disadvantaged in many counts. In Asia, the Philippines is the major supplier of labor migrants to over 100 countries and the leading female migrant sending countries along with Indonesia. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Cues of Students with Single Parents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More than 8 million (10%) out of the 85 million Filipinos were working or living abroad, while over 72% of total migrants from Philippines were women workers.Many of these women work as domestic helpers, nurses, caregivers, and entertainers. With this huge number of Filipino migrants (and still more) living the country temporarily (or permanently), a more pressing concern is with regards to children left behind. Though there is no systematic data on the number of children left behind, it is estimated to be 9 million or 27% of the total youth. The perceived social costs of migration have been always been part of the reasons why various sectors of Filipino society are ambivalent about overseas employment.Aside from the myriad problems migrants encounter abroad, concerns over the stability of families have received much attention. In the 1970s, when male migrants dominated labor migration, the absence of fathers was seen as weakening Filipino families. In the 1980s, women became part of labor migration. As the feminization of migration persisted, the anxieties magnified because mothers, who are considered as the â€Å"light of the home,† are not around for their families. As the foundation of Philippine society, there are fears that threats to the family redound to threats to the nation’s social fabric as a whole.Our parents portray a very big role in our achievement-most especially in academics. Parental effort is consistently associated with higher levels of achievement, and the magnitude of the effect of parental effort is substantial (Conway, 2008). The children of single parent families are more likely to be impoverished, to break the law, to abuse drugs, to do poorly in school, to become pregnant before the age of twenty, and to have emotional and behavioural problems. A common desire for all parents is to see that their child is happy, healthy, and successful.School provides an array of opportunities for children to be successful starting at a young age. Academic success can lead to feelings of competency, self-worth, and high self-esteem (Slavin, 2000). In addition to its positive effects on a childs emotions, early academic success is related to success throughout a childs academic career (Turner Johnson, 2003). However, students who do not perform well in early years may develop poor academic self-concepts and, as a result, perform poorly in later years (Marsh Ye ung, 1997).